Chips that combine the protocol stack, link controller, link manager, and host controller interface firmware of the Bluetooth specification in a single IC.
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The Bluetooth® Special Interest Group (SIG) is an industry association which oversees the development of Bluetooth standards. Bluetooth is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc.
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Class I Bluetooth devices are the most powerful in broadcast class. They operate at 100mW(+20bB/m) and are able to received, with a clear line of sight (LOS), up to 100 meters away.
Class II Bluetooth devices are midrange broadcast class. They operate at 2.5mW(+4bB/m) and are able to received, with a clear line of sight (LOS), up to 10 meters away.
Class III Bluetooth devices are the least powerful in broadcast class. They operate at 1mW(+0bB/m) and are able to received, with a clear line of sight (LOS), up to 1 meter away.
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Compact PCI (cPCI) is a high-performance industrial bus that uses the electrical standards of the PCI bus and is packaged in a Eurocard. Specifications for the CompactPCI bus are developed and maintained by the PCI Industrial Computers Manufacturers Group (PICMG). cPCI buses are used extensively in systems that require high speed data transfers. Examples include data communication routers and switches, real-time machine control, real-time data acquisition, military systems, etc.
Fibre channel is a high-speed, serial data transfer architecture that uses links of twisted-pair, coaxial, or fiber optic cable. Small computer system interface (SCSI) devices can use fibre channel arbitrated loop (FC-AL), the most popular fibre channel typology. Using optical fiber, FC-AL supports full-duplex data transfer rates of 100 Mbps. Eventually, FC-AL is expected to replace SCSI in high-performance storage systems.
IEEE 1394 or FireWire® is an interface standard adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for very fast digital data transfers such as streaming video. IEEE 1394 connectors are used to transmit and receive data among FireWire devices, and are designed to replace external high-speed peripheral connections to personal computers, including hard disks, CD-ROMs, DVDs, graphics cards, high-speed scanners, direct video, monitors, etc. Tiny, robust FireWire connectors will also become important parts of home entertainment, communication, and appliance networks. FireWire is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
Peripheral component interconnect (PCI) is a local bus system designed for high-end computer systems. PCI buses transfer 32 or 64 bits of data at a clock speed of 33 MHz. They also support 3 to 5 critical peripherals, which are either integrated directly onto the motherboard or added via expansion cards. PCI buses fully support cards that were developed for standard I/O buses.
PCI express (PCIe) fits common system architectures, provides greater speed and independence, and increases bandwidth and scalability. PCIe offers 4 Gbps of peak bandwidth per direction and 8 Gbps of concurrent bandwidth. PCIe is referred to as a third-generation input / output (3GIO).
PCMCIA devices (PC cards) are credit-card-sized peripherals predominantly used in laptop computers. The PCMCIA adapter takes the place of a COM port on a standard bus. The card is plugged into a 68-pin host socket that is connected either to the motherboard or an expansion bus. An adapter then translates the PCMCIA signals into signals usable by the computer's bus.
RS232 is a standard interface approved by the Electronic Industries Association (EIA) for connecting serial devices. This popular, serial communications standard provides asynchronous communication capabilities with hardware flow control, software flow control, and parity checking. Most gears, instruments with digital control interfaces, and communication devices have an RS232 interface. The typical transmission speed for RS232 is 9600 bps at 15 m.
RS422 supports multipoint connections whereas RS423 supports only point-to-point connections. RS422 provides much longer transmission distances than RS232, but less signal line. RS422 uses a differential transmission technology and provides high-speed transmissions up to 10 Mbps over a maximum transmission distance up to 1.2 km at 110 kbps.
RS485 is almost identical to RS232 except that transmissions are three-way rather than two-way. RS485 is often used in applications where a single controller needs to control multiple devices. Up to 64 devices may be connected with RS485. An enhanced version of RS422, RS485 is compatible with the RS422 interface and provides a two-wire bus topology. Using an RS485 two-wire bus provides a very inexpensive network system; however, RS485 defines only the electronic signal specifications. Consequently, users must define the software protocol for RS485 two-wire communications.
Universal serial bus (USB) is a 4-wire, 12-Mbps serial bus for low-to-medium speed peripheral device connections to personal computers (PC), including keyboards, mice, modems, printers, joysticks, audio functions, monitor controls, etc. The USB design is standardized by the USB Implementers Forum (USBIF), an organization that includes leading companies from the computer and electronics industries. The current USB specification is USB 2.0, which supports data transfer rates of up to 480 Mbps.
VersaModule Eurocard bus (VMEbus) is a popular, 32-bit bus used in industrial, commercial and military applications. The VMEbus is based on the VME standard, which defines mechanical specifications such as board dimensions, connector specifications and enclosure characteristics, as well as the electronic specifications for sub-bus structures, signal functions, timing, signal voltage levels, and master/slave configurations. The VMEbus uses 3U and 6U Eurocard, rugged circuit boards that provide a 96-pin plug instead of an edge connector for durability. Several VMEbus varieties are available.
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Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) is a European Union (EU) directive that requires all manufacturers of electronic and electrical equipment sold in Europe to demonstrate that their products contain only minimal levels of the following hazardous substances: lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyl and polybrominated diphenyl ether. RoHS will become effective on July 1, 2006.
Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) products are semiconductor devices that allow access to the inner workings of an IC for testing, controlling, and programming purposes.
Charge pumps are circuits that generate higher voltages from low-voltage inputs by using capacitors as storage elements. They are used in notebook computers and mobile phones.
The interface has an embedded, over-thermal protection system which shuts down the chip when a maximum temperature is reached.
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